Mês: agosto 2012
Leonardo da Vinci disse…
“Uma vez que você tenha experimentado voar, você andará pela terra com seus olhos voltados para céu, pois lá você esteve e para lá você desejará voltar”.
“For once you have tasted flight you will walk the earth with your eyes turned skywards, for there you have been and there you will long to return”.
Leonardo da Vinci
The Breitling Team
Este é o emprego dos sonhos… pelo menos, dos meus sonhos. E se você está aqui também deve ser o seu.
Imagina fazer demonstrações aéreas em paisagens excepcionais?
Pois é… esses caras chegaram lá. E fizeram por merecer.
Assistam e tirem suas próprias conclusões. É ou não é?
Slogans
Achei as frases abaixo na internet. Elas são bem engraçadas e um mínimo de inglês é necessário…
There are old pilots, and there are bold pilots, but there are no old, bold pilots.
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A superior pilot is one who combines his superior knowledge with his superior judgement to avoid having to use his superior skill.
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It’s better to be down here wishing you were up there, than up there wishing you were down here.
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If God had meant soldiers to fly, He would have painted the sky brown.
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To go up, pull back on the stick. To go down, pull back further.
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Aviate, Navigate, Communicate.
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Rule one: No matter what else happens, fly the airplane.
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Fly it until the last piece stops moving.
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Believe your instruments.
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I’d rather be lucky than good.
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The propeller is just a big fan in the front of the plane to keep the pilot cool. Want proof? Make it stop; then watch the pilot break out into a sweat.
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Engine power: Lots is good, more is better, and too much is just enough.
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A check flight ought to be like a skirt, short enough to be interesting but still be long enough to cover everything.
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Experience is the knowledge that enables you to recognize a mistake when you make it again.
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Experience is a hard teacher. First comes the test, then the lesson.
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There are some flight instructors where the student is important, and there are some instructors where the instructor is important. Pick carefully.
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Speed is life, altitude is life insurance.
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Always remember, you fly an aeroplane with your head, not your hands.
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Never let an aeroplane take you anywhere that your brain didn’t get to five minutes earlier.
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If it’s red or dusty don’t touch it.
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Don’t drop the aircraft in order to fly the microphone.
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An airplane flies because of a principle discovered by Bernoulli, not Marconi.
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Cessna pilots are always found in the wreckage with their hand around the microphone.
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Flying is the second greatest thrill known to man….the first is landing.
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As everyone knows, any landing you can walk away from is a ‘good’ one. A ‘great’ landing is one when you can use the aeroplane again.
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Definition of ‘pilot’: The first one to arrive at the scene of an aircraft accident.
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The probability of survival is equal to the angle of arrival.
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Time to spare, go by air.
(More time yet? Go by jet.)
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IFR: I Follow Roads.
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If you don’t gear up your brain before takeoff, you’ll probably gear up your aircraft on landing.
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Those who hoot with the owls by night, should not fly with the eagles by day.
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It only takes two things to fly, airspeed and money.
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Forget all that stuff about thrust and drag, lift and gravity, an airplane flies because of money.
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Do you see that propeller? Well, everything behind it revolves around money.
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What’s the similarity between air traffic controllers and pilots?
If a pilot screws up, the pilot dies.
If ATC screws up, the pilot dies.
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A helicopter is a collection of rotating parts going round and round and reciprocating parts going up and down – all of them trying to become random in motion.
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Helicopters can’t really fly – they’re just so ugly that the earth immediately repels them.
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Helicopters don’t fly. They beat the air into submission.
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Helicopters don’t fly, they just vibrate against the earth and the earth rejects them into the air.
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The future in aviation is the next 30 seconds. Long term planning is an hour and a half.
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Fly low and slow and don’t tip on the turns.
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An accident investigation hearing is conducted by non-flying experts who need six months to itemize all the mistakes made by a crew in the six minutes it has to do anything.
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Things which do you no good in aviation:
Altitude above you.
Runway behind you.
Fuel in the truck.
Half a second ago.
The airspeed you don’t have.
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CAUTION: Aviation may be hazardous to your wealth.
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It is far better to arrive late in this world than early in the next.
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To err is human, to forgive is divine; neither of which is Air Force policy.
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Flying is not dangerous; crashing is dangerous.
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You can land anywhere once.
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Flying is the perfect vocation for a man who wants to feel like a boy, but not for one who still is.
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I want to die like my grandfather did, peacefully in his sleep. Not screaming in terror like his passengers.
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Good judgment comes from experience and experience comes from bad judgment.
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Why did God invent women when airplanes were so much fun?
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Remember when sex was safe and flying was dangerous?
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Modern air travel would be very enjoyable … if I could only learn to enjoy boredom, discomfort and fatigue.
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You can always depend on twin engine aircraft. When the first engine quits the second will surely fly you to the scene of an accident.
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The real value of twin engine aircraft is that it doubles the chance of engine failure.
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If it ain’t broke, don’t fix it; if it ain’t fixed, don’t fly it.
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Airspeed, altitude, or brains; you always need at least two.
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It is said that two wrongs do not make a right, but two Wrights did make an aeroplane.
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When starting an aviation career it is not unusual to be overwhelmed, terrified, suffer from lack of confidence and be just plain scared. As experience grows, self confidence replaces fear . . . but after a time, when you think you have seen it all, you realize your initial reactions to flying were correct.
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Passengers prefer old captains and young flight attendants.
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If flying were the language of man, soaring would be its poetry.
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Gliding is to power flying as seduction is to rape.
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Any attempt to stretch fuel is guaranteed to increase headwinds.
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I give that landing a 9 . . . on the Richtor scale.
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It’s easy to make a small fortune in aviation. You start with a large fortune.
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Aviation has created many millionaires, primarily from the ranks of multi-millionaires.
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Try to keep the number of your landings equal to the number of your takeoffs.
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Takeoff’s are optional. Landings are mandatory.
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If you must make a mistake, make it a new one.
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One problem is a problem, two problems are a hazard; three problems create accidents.
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Trusting to luck alone is not conducive to an extended flying career.
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We progress through repeated success; we learn through our mistakes.
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Basic Flying: Try to stay in the middle of the air, do not go near the edges of it.
Umidade
Umidade Relativa é a quantidade de vapor d’água no ar comparado com o máximo que ele consegue reter. É expressa em %.
VAPOR 0% 1% 2% 3% 4%
UR 0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
(UR = umidade relativa)
Ponto de Orvalho é a temperatura de saturação do ar. É informada no METAR e SPECI.
ALTIMETRIA
O altímetro é um barômetro aneróide calibrado para indicar altitude em lugar de pressão, utilizando a atmosfera padrão como base.
AJUSTES ALTIMÉTRICOS
QFE: É também chamado de “ajuste a zero”, é a pressão da estação.
QNH: No Brasil, é utilizado para pousos e decolagens. Indica a elevação do aeródromo.
Quando em voo, indica a distância para o nível do mar (altitude indicada).
QNE: Quando inserido, indica a distância para o nível padrão (altitude pressão ou FL).
No Brasil é utilizado para voos em rota.
UTILIZAÇÃO DOS AJUSTES
Em solo, a torre irá informar o QNH, que será utilizado até a TA (altitude de transição), entre 5000′ e 6000′.
Então o piloto ajustará para o QNE (1013,2), passando a voar em FL (flight level).
Para o pouso, ao atingir o TL (nível de transição), o piloto retorna ao QNH.
Tabela:
Se QNH < ou = que QNE –> TFL = TA + 1000′.
Se QNH > QNE –> TFL = TA + 500′.
Se QNH > ou = 1031,7 –> TFL = TA.
ERROS:
QNH > QNE, a aeronave estará voando acima.
QNH < QNE, a aeronave estará voando abaixo.
T > ISA, aeronave voando acima.
T < ISA, aeronave voando abaixo.
Altitudes
ALTITUDES:
1- Altura ou Altitude Absoluta: é a distância para o nível da pista (QFE).
2- Altitude Indicada: é a distância para o nível do mar (QNH).
3- Altitude Pressão (FL): é a distância para o nível padrão (QNE 1013,2 hPa).
ALTITUDE DENSIDADE:
Se T diminui, D aumenta e a Altitude é menor.
Se T aumenta, D diminui e a Altitude é maior.
Sendo T = temperatura e D = densidade.
1ºC – 100 pés de variação.
Fórmula:
AD = AV x V (padrão) + 100 x (T – ISA).
Sendo:
AD: altitude densidade
AP/AV: altitude pressão
T = temperatura verdadeira
ISA: condições-padrão
Ex:
Altitude Pressão = 2000′
Temperatura = 25ºC
AD = 2000 + 100 x (25-11)
AD = 2000 + 100 x (14)
AD = 2000 + 1400
AD = 3400′
Atmosfera Padrão (ISA)
ISA é a sigla para ICAO STANDARD ATMOSPHERE (Atmosfera Padrão).
Seus valores são:
– Ar: Seco (78% de N2 (nitrogênio), 21% de O2 (oxigênio) e 1% de outros gases).
– Temperatura: 15ºC.
– Altitude: 20000 metros, sendo:
Do solo até 11000m = troposfera;
De 11000 até 20000m – tropopausa;
– Pressão: 1013,2 hPa ou 760 mm Hg ou 29,92 pol Hg (1 hPa = 30 pés).
– Troposfera: -2ºC a cada 1000 pés.
– Tropopausa: -56ºC
– Latitude: Média de 45º.
Sistemas de Pressão
Os Sistemas de Pressão podem ser:
1- Fechados:
a) alta pressão – bom tempo, anti-ciclone
b) baixa pressão – mau tempo, ciclone
2- Abertos:
a) crista ou cunha – as pressões diminuem para a periferia do sistema
b) cavado – as pressões aumentam para a periferia do sistema
3- Col ou Colo:
Região compreendida entre 2 centros de alta pressão e 2 centros de baixa pressão (ventos fracos).
Pressão Alta:
QNH > QNE
AV > AP
FL + ALTO
(Erro de indicação para MENOS).
Pressão Baixa:
QNH < QNE
AV < AP
FL + BAIXO
(Erro de Indicação para MAIS).
Quando T > ISA, FL + ALTO.
Quanto T < ISA, FL + BAIXO.
ISA é a sigla para ICAO STANDARD ATMOSPHERE (Atmosfera Padrão).
